1.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin (Ivomec) Against Mange Mites And Warbles In Goats
by Saleem Qasur | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0380,T] (1).
2.
Prevalence Of Lungworm Infestation (Dictycaulus Spp.) And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Of Camels During Months Of October December.
by Aslam, M | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managemental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world.
Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of lungworm infection in camel. This study also included haematological changes in camel blood suffering from lungworm infection.
This study was conducted during the months of OctoberDecember, 1993 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of lungworm infection, 150 camels suspected for lungworm infection
were selected and their faecal and blood samples were collected.
Regarding the prevalence of lungworm infection through faecal examination the results of present investigation show that occurrence of lungworm infection in camels is 6.00%, i.e. 9 camels out of 150 suspected were found positive.
The mean values of haematological examination were observed i.e. Total leukocytic count (31.62 thousand/cm.mm), Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 67.88%, Eosinophils 28.77%, Basophils 3.66%, Lymphocytes 65.88%, Monocytes 5.55%, and ESR 12.20 mm/hour.
Blood of camels negative to lungworm infection showed total leukocytic count mean value 19.30 thousand/cu.mm, Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 47.00%, Eosinophils 8.88%, Basophils 1.88%, Lymphocytes 38.55%, Monocytes 4.22% and ESR 1.85 mm/hour.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0405,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Hydatid Cyst On Different Blood Components In Camels Of Different Age Groups
by Hameed ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of hydatidosis in different age groups of camels and to see its effect on some blood parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV) and also to examined the same blood parameters of control groups. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 camels of various age groups (2-3 years, 3-5 years, and above 5 years) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering purposes during the period from July 1994 to September 1994.
The results showed that out of 300 camels, 189 (63%) were positive for hydatidosis. It revealed that infection rate was higher in Group-Ill (above 5 years) 70%, than in Group-I (58%) and Group-Il(61%). The study also revealed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was 67.68% in July, 54.9% in August and 66.67% in September
The present investigation also showed that a mean of total erythrocyte count was 8.667 million/microliter with range of 6.00 million/microliterto 11.101 million/microliter, Haemoglobin concentration was 10.00 g/100ml with a range of 6.3 g/100 13.1 g/l00ml and mean of packed cell volume was 31.7 with a range of 20.00% to 39.00%.
The control blood samples of 189 camels showed mean of total erythrocyte was 9.721 million/microliter ranging from 6.32 million/microliter to 12.92 million/microliter, mean of haemoglobin concentration was 11.5g/100ml with a range of 7.3 g/100ml to 14.4g/100ml and packed cell volume was 33.4% with a range of 22.00% to 40.7%
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0413,T] (1).
4.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Coccidiosis In Sheep And Goats And Its Effect On Certain Blood Parameters
by Nasir Ali, Faridi | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Dr. Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the prevalance and chemotherapy of coccidiosis in sheep and goats and its effect on certain blood parameters like Haemoglobin, TLC, DLC, Glucose,and Total Serum Protein.
Two drugs namely suiphadimidine and suiphaqunoxaline were used in this research project. For this purpose 60 animals(i.e sheep and goats) were taken and divided into 3 groups(A,B and C) containing 20 animals each(i.e 10 sheep and 10 goats). Group A was again subdivided into two subgroups Ag & As containing 10 animals each(i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were treated with sulphadimidine.Group B was again subdivided into two subgroups Bg & Bs containing 10 animals each(i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were treated with suiphaquinoxaline. Group C was again subdivided into two subgroups Cg & Cs containing 10 animals each (i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were kept as infected non.medicated control.
The efficacy of drugs were determined on the reduction of OPG in faeces.
From the results it is find out that the average OPG on zero day of medication in groups i.e Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 75100, 72200, 60800 & 67200 respectively.The average reduction of OPG on 10th day of medication in groups i.e Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 300,340,120 & 280 respectively.The OPG of control groups were increased on the subsequent days.
The average Haemoglobin on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,& Bg,Bs were 6.53,8.02,6. 89 & 7.93 respectively The average Haemoglobin on lOtti day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Ss were 8.628.80, 9.44 & 8.78 respectively.The Haemglobin of the control groups were decreased on subsequent days. Average TLC on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 16.50 ,16.50 & 15.50,19.50.Average TLC on 10th day of medication in groups Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 14.50,12.90 & 13.60,13.50 respectively.The TLC of control groups were increased on the subsequent days.Average DLC on zero day of medication in groups Ag was 49.40,68.00,7.00 11.10 & 17.50 in group Bg was 51.20 ,70.30,6.90, 12.20 & 19.40 in group As was 50.20,70.20,8.00,12.00 & 18.50 in group Bs was 50.40.71.60,6.10,17.20 & 18.40 .Average DLC on 10th day of medication in groups Ag was 48.40,67.00,7.00 11.10 & 17.50 in group Bg was 50.20 ,69.30,7.10,12.20 & 19.40.ln Group As was 49.40,69.10,8.00,12.00 & 18.50 in group Bs was 49.40,70.60,6.10,17.20,18.40.DLC of the control groups were incresed on the subsequent days. Average Blood Glucose on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 24.30, 31.30 & 29.30, 35.50 respectively.Average Blood Glucose on 10th day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 37.00, 42.40, 42.80, 45.00. Blood glucose in control were decreased on the subsequent days. Average Total Serum protein on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 3.52,4.25,3.93,4.18. Average Total Serum protein on 10 th day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 4.89,5.56 & 5.43,5.57 respectively.The total serum protein in control groups were decreased on the susequent days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0426,T] (1).
5.
Prevalence Of Camel Tuberculosis By Using Short Thermal Test & Identificatiuon Of Organism From Lymph
by Laeeque, Sh. M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammd | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In the present study an attempt was made to measure the prevalence of tuberculosis in camels by applying tuberculin test and post mortem examination of reactors and non reactors. Gross and microbiological examination of various lymph nodes of reactors and non-reactors was conducted.
Animals were physically normal, thin and emaciated and of different age groups. Short thermal test was employed as diagnostic test. The readings were taken at 8 hour post inoculation of tuberculin, and heat concentrated sysnthetic medium tuberculin (HCSM) was used at dose of 4m1 S/c. No adverse reaction of HCSM was noted during research.
Eleven animals gave positive reaction while no false positive and false negative case was recorded. Similarly no case of milliary T.B. could be noted among experimental animals.
Majority of the diseased animals were detected from a group of emaciated and aged animals. Whereas a small number from a group of thin animals was also affected. However, a group physically normal camels was found free from T.B.
Positive reactors showed higher pulse and respiration rate compared with negative reactors, post 8 hour inoculation.
Positive reactors were found to be a model set to observe the pattern of temperature rise during STT.
2 out of 3 positive reactors, showed macroscopic lesionsin mediastinal, lymph nodes. Out, of these 1 showed characteristic lesions of T.B. 1 showed only pin head point lesions in early stages. While other 1 showed only Mycobacterium tuberculosis on bacteriological examination and proved no visible lesions (NVL).
It was found that distribution of lesions were high among those animals which showed temperature difference (4oF between first and final reading.
This is notworthy that lung lymph nodes involvement was higher as compared to the lymph nodes from abdominal cavity, no lesion or acid fast bacilli (AFB) detected from supramammary lymph nodes of experimental animals
Overall 3 of the animals tested showed prevalence of tuberculosis
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0473,T] (1).
6.
Helminthiasis: Its Dissemination And Treatment With Fenbendazole In The Migrating Sparrows
by Ali Razmaara, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to bust upon the worm load in the naturally parasitized migratory sparrows, and also to determine the effect of worm load on the blood picture. Furthemore the effect of broad spectrum anthelmintic like Panacur (fenbendazole) in the experimental group in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication.
For this experiment 400 live migratory sparrows were purchased randomly, out of which 200 birds were slaughtered and an incidence of 64.5% parasitic fauna was found. Sparrows were found infected, with two species of nematode i.e. Ascaridia gaul was 39.5% and Heterakis gallinarum was 25% respectively. None of the bird was found infected with trematode and cestode.
The hematology of the above 64.5% parasitized sparrows was performed. The study revealed that due to nematode infection there was a slight increase in Total leucocytic count and Heterophils whereas the Total erythrocytic count, Haernoglobin level, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils were decreased which may lead to anemia, loss of growth and production.
From the left 200 wild naturally parasitized sparrows, 86 (43%) birds were found positive. These sparrows were divided into two groups one was left as control and the other group was subjected to drug efficacy. Panacur (fenbendazole) at the rate of 9.9 mg/kg body weight which was given orally. The results were observed in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication after 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively. The control group showed progressive increase in ova count i.e. 12.82%, 24.79% and 48.72% respectively, whereas reduction in the ova count of the medicated group was gradually observed as 83.72%, 92.25% and 95.35%.
The poultry breeders and scientists are urged to make an effort how the wild birds could mechanically transmit the parasites from one region to another. An attempt should also be made for the better understanding of bacterial and viral infections dissemination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0474,T] (1).
7.
Comparative Evaluation Of Tension Band Wire And Steel Suture For Repair Of Transversepatellar Fracture In The Dog
by Sarfaraz Ahmad, M | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Mubashar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The fracture of patella usually falls in a special type of fracture, which is not treated by ordinary limb and bone fixation devices. Hence emphasis is given to counteract the distracting forces and to convert them into compressive forces to achieve the desired effects. Different types of internal fixation devices have been tried in the past for the repair of avulsion fractures like Tension Band wire, compression screws, compression plates, an steel sutures.
This study was conducted on 20 mongrel dogs divided into two groups of 10 animals each. These groups were designated as group A and group B. Two methods, Tension Band wire and square steel suture were used for the repair of transverse patellar fracture in dogs.
In group A, the right patella was surgically exposed, fractured and repaired by Tension Band wire with Thomas Splint on the same limb when the operated dog started bearing weight on its operated leg, the left patella was exposed and repaired using same technique but without Thomas Splint.
In group B the right patella was repaired by square steel suture with Thomas Splint. After six weeks, the left patella was operated and repaired using same technique but without Thomas Splint. The dog of each group was kept for a period of 16 weeks after surgery. The results were obtained on the basis of their clinical and radiographic picture.
The results of this study indicate that the use of steel suture is a better fixation device for the repair of transverse patellar fracture.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0475,T] (1).
8.
Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Different Drugs Against Experimentally Induced Salmonella Pullorum Infection In Broilers
by Ashfaq Ahmad Mirza | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly selected and divided into six groups viz A, B, C, D, E and F, consisting of 20 birds each. At 4 week of age, A to E groups were experimentally infected with Salmonella pullorum inoculum. Group E (infected, non-medicated) and F (non-infected and non-medicated) were kept as control. The groups A, B, C and D were treated with Ampicillin 20%, Oxy-N-50, Chioricol10 and Trimodin forte, respectively, post infection. All the groups were kept under close observation to record signs and symptoms of disease, mortality, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio. Gross lesions in visceral organs were also noted during this study. Some blood parameters (TEC, TLC and Hb content) were also estimated, pre and post infection. A mortality percentage in groups A, B, C and D were recorded as, 25%, 35%, 15% and 10%, respectively, while 70% mortality was recorded in control group F. According to this trial Trimodin forte (Trimethoprim Plus Sulphadiazine) . afforded maximum protection against infection and proved best in relation to weight gain and F.C.R. Chloricol-10 (Chioramphenicol) stood second in the list, while Ampicillin-20% (Ampicillin Trihydrate) was the third drug in furnishing protection against the infection. Whereas, Oxy-N-50 (Oxytetracycline plus neomycin sulphate) was the least effective drug in respect of protection against pullorum disease. The signs of ill health appeared 3 to 4 days post infection were listlessness, ruffled feathers, droopy wings, loss of appetite, poor growth, depression, increased thirst and severe diarrhoea of chalky white colour. The postmortem findings were enlarged and congested liver streaked with haemorrhages, 2-3 times enlarged spleen (spleenomegaly), enlarged heart and pericarditis, congested and distended kidneys, area of gray hepatization in lungs, thickened and inflammed intestinal walls and presence of necrotic foci in cardiac muscles, liver, spleen, lungs, caeca, large intestine and muscles of gizzard. The Total Erythrocytic count and Haemoglobin contents were decreased and Total Leukocytic Count, were increased 3 days post infection. The findings of the present study will further elucidate the disease and help in diagnosis and treatment of this malady on large scale.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0482,T] (1).
9.
Prevalence Of Puff Disease In Horses With Biochemical And Chemotherapeutic Studies
by Shamoon ur Rashid | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Javed | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the prevalence of puff disease in horses in Lahore area. This study also included chemotherapeutic effect of two different treatments and biochemical studies.
This study was conducted during the month of July-September, 1996 at Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and around the city of Lahore. For the prevalence of puff disease 290 horses were examined and their clinical signs were observed. Investigation showed that the occurrence of puff disease in horses was 12.14% i.e. 36 horses out of 290 were found positive.
Thirty positive cases were treated with two different groups of treatments. With 1st group of treatment 5 horses were cured completely and with 2nd group of treatment 11 horses were cured completely. The results of treatment were based on the reversal of clinical signs. Serum samples of positive horses were also observed before and after treatment for the detection of glucose, cholesterol and chloride levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0536,T] (1).
10.
Epidemiology And Economic Losses Of Trichostrongylid Parasites In Sheep
by Sarwar Khan, M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The meteorological data recorded during the study period from 1.1.96 to 31.12.96 showed the maximum temperature in June as
36.5°C and minimum temperature in December as 6.8°C. Maximum and minimum Humidity was recorded in the month of September and April as 85% and 55% respectively. The maximum rainfall during the year was recorded in the month of August as 660 mm.
The faecal egg counts of sheep grazing on permanent pasture showed the minimum EPG during first week of January while maximum EPG on nid of September and first week of October.
Pasture larval counts were performed on permanent pasture and experimental plot for the recovery of trichostrongylid larvae. The maximum number of larvae was recovered on 16th September, 1996, while minimum number was recovered in January and February from permanent pasture and experimental plot respectively. Two species of trichostrongylids were identified i.e. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongvlus colubriformis.
The faecal and larval counts were very low in the months of January and February, the counts started rising in March. Peak counts were seen in the month of September. Decline in counts started in late October and reached to minimum in December.
Mature and immature worm counts of slaughtered sheep were performed at 15 days interval. The, overall prevalence oftrichostrongylid parasites was 34%. The maximum number of mature parasites were seen during first week of October which was886 whereas maximum number of immature parasites including hypobiotic was 326 on 1st of December. During this study the average fecundity/female of contortus and L colubriformis parasites were calculated as 721 and 209 respectively. A spring rise in worm egg counts was experienced in mid of March. A pen parturient rise in the worm egg counts of pregnant and lactating ewes indicated the maximum counts during lambing week.
An experimental group of sheep with mixed infection of trichostrongylid parasites showed the similar pattern of EPG counts as of naturally infected sheep.
A study was performed to evaluate any protection provided by a particular Flaemoglobin type to trichostrongylid infection hut not difference could be observed. The Asparate Aminotransferase (AST) and total protein levels of infected sheep were decreased as a result of increase in the intensity of infection.
A decrease in R.B.C. counts, Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume and lymphocyte counts was observed both in experimentally and naturally infected slaughtered sheep. However, an increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) alongwith an increase in the ratio of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils was observed.
At the end of experiment infected sheep gained 5.71 Kg/head less body weight and produced 4 3 grn less wool as compared with non-infected group. Based on epidemiological information the suggestions for control of the, trichostrongylid infection are submitted alongwi th recommendations for further studies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0595,T] (1).
11.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Drugs Used Against Naturally Infected Horsed With Babesiosis
by Mamoona Ali | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0600,T] (1).
12.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Ascariasis In Cross-Bred Calves In And Around Lahore
by Waqar Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhamad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of ascariasis in cross-bred calves in and around Lahore and to evaluate anthelmiiitic efficacy of albendazole, oxfendazole and fumaria parviflora against ascariasis.
For this purpose the faeces of 203 cross-bred calves under 3 months aged from various localities in and adjoining city of Lahore were examined for the presence of ascariasis. Forty calves were found positive. It was observed that the prevalence of ascariasis was 19.62%. Forty naturally infected calves having moderate to heavy infection were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D, each having 10 calves. Ten calves were acted as non-infected and non-medicated (control) as group E. The anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole, oxfendazole and fumaria parviflora was studied by administering to group A, B and C respectively.
The efficacy of the drug was determined on the basis of reduction in number of ova count, present in the faeces after medication.
Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole (@ 5mg/kg body weight), oxfendazole (@ 4.5mg/kg body weight) and fumaria parviflora (@ 2gm/kg body weight) was observed to be 83.67%, 95.09% and 0% at clay 5 respectively and at 10 days 99.65%, 100% and 20.15% respectively.
It was found that systamex was the most effective drug for the treatment of ascariasis in crossbred calves. Second was the albenclazole. None of these drugs produced any side effects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0770,T] (1).
13.
Effect Of Dose And Route Of Ivermectin On Lice Infested Domestic Pigeons
by Assad Ullah | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Azhar | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the prevalence of lice infestation in pigeons and to study the efficacy of Ivermectin against lice infestation in pigeons.
A total of 300 pigeons were examined to study the prevalence of lice infestation in domestic pigeons in different localities of Lahore (pigeon owners and aviaries) during the month of April, 2004. Out of 300 birds examined 271 birds revealed lice with an overall incidence of 90.33% of lice infestation.
Permanent mounts were prepared from specimens collected from different birds. On the basis of morphological characters and taxonomical features the specie of lice identified was Columbicola columbae (Slender Pigeon Louse).
The efficacy of Ivermectin was determined on the basis of reduced number of lice from the body of pigeons in group A, B and C, group D served as untreated infested control and group E served as healthy control group. Birds were examined on days zero, 3, 7 and 10 of the experiment. On day 10, efficacy of Ivermectin was 91.66%, 75% and 83.33% in group A, B and C respectively.
Haematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of infested birds treated with Ivermectin , infested birds kept as control and healthy control birds. Blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin Estimation and Differential Leukocytic Count. The results of haematological examination showed a significant increase in haemoglobin level of birds treated with Ivermectin, there was a significant decrease in differential leukocytic count of treated birds.
The values thus recorded were analyzed statistically using computer program MSTAT.
The present project was designed to study the prevalence of lice infestation in pigeons and to study the efficacy of Ivermectin against lice infestation in pigeons.
A total of 300 pigeons were examined to study the prevalence of lice infestation in domestic pigeons in different localities of Lahore (pigeon owners and aviaries) during the month of April, 2004. Out of 300 birds examined 271 birds revealed lice with an overall incidence of 90.33% of lice infestation.
Permanent mounts were prepared from specimens collected from different birds. On the basis of morphological characters and taxonomical features the specie of lice identified was Columbicola columbae (Slender Pigeon Louse).
The efficacy of Ivermectin was determined on the basis of reduced number of lice from the body of pigeons in group A, B and C, group D served as untreated infested control and group E served as healthy control group. Birds were examined on days zero, 3, 7 and 10 of the experiment. On day 10, efficacy of Ivermectin was 91.66%, 75% and 83.33% in group A, B and C respectively.
Haematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of infested birds treated with Ivermectin , infested birds kept as control and healthy control birds. Blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin Estimation and Differential Leukocytic Count. The results of haematological examination showed a significant increase in haemoglobin level of birds treated with Ivermectin, there was a significant decrease in differential leukocytic count of treated birds.
The values thus recorded were analyzed statistically using computer program MSTAT.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0871,T] (1).
14.
Prevalence Of Ecto And Endo Parasites In Cross Bred Cattle At Lahore And Its Chemotherapy With Ivermectin
by Saleem Khan Niazi | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Azhar | Prof. Dr. Khalid Pervez | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present project had been designed to study the prevalence of Ecto and Endo parasites in crossbred cattle of all age groups and to test the efficacy of ivermectin (Ivergen-Symans) at recommended
dose rate by the company against ecto and endo parasites in naturally infected cross bred cattle. For this project 400 crossbred
cattle were scanned to isolate 60 infected animals.
These 60 animals were divided in to 3 main groups i.e. A, B, and C, comprising 20 animals each. Each main group was subdivided into four sub groups, comprising 5 animals each and were marked as Al, A2, A3, & A4, Bi, B2, B3, B4 and Cl, C2, C3 & C4.
Out of total 400 animals, which were scanned 278 (69%) animals were found positive having ecto- endo- and mixed parasitic infection. Faecal samples of all 400 animals were tested for GIT nematodes, out of which 158 (40%) animals were found positive, skin scrappings of all 400 animals were tested for ecto-parasites, out of which 68 (17%) animals were found positive. 52 (13%) animals were found positive for mixed infection of both ecto- and endo-parasites.
The results of the present study revealed that Ivergen is highly effective at extremely low dosage against wide variety of nematodes and arthropods parasite, so it is recommended for field use.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0873,T] (1).
15.
Comparative Study Of Flank Vs Midline Approach For Overiohysterectomy In Cats
by Mudassir Ahmad Rana | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Khalid Mehmood | Prof. Dr. Nasim | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Ovariohysterctomy is one of the most commonly performed operation in cats and is indicated for both medical and behavioral reasons. The most common indication of ovariohysterectomy is elective sterilization which avoids all objectionable sexual behaviors and over population. Ovariohysterectomy is the treatment of choice for most uterine diseases and it greatly reduces risk of mammary neoplasia. The method of performing ovariohysterectomy in cats must be affordable, safe, reliable & convenient. In the past different approaches have been tried for ovariohysterctomy in cats viz. linea alba(ventral midline) and vertical flank. But the relative efficacy of the approaches has not been determined in the past in our conditions. The objective of our study is to compare and evaluate these two approaches in our environmental conditions. The Flank approach was found to be relatively better than the Ventral midline approach in our conditions in terms of convenience, reliability, safety with rapid recovery and less postoperative complications.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0917,T] (1).
16.
Sero-Epidemiological And Haematological Studies On Toxoplasmosis In Cats, Dogs And Their Owners in Lahore
by Azeem Shahzad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Mr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. Khalid Pervez | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution, caused by Toxop1asna gondii and is very common in cats, dogs and human. Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of the disease, the current study was conducted to find out the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in cat, dog and human population in Lahore city and to determine the possibility of transmission of toxoplasmosis from cats and dogs to their owners. For this purpose serum samples from cats (ii=25 domestic, n=25 stray) dogs (n=50 domestic, n=50 stray) and human (n=25 cat owners, n=50 dog owners, ii=50 people having no contact with cats and dogs, ii=25 UVAS, Employees) were collected and analyzed by using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) to find out the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cat, dog and human population.
Overall 56% cats were seropositive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. Stray cats had the high prevalence (64%) followed by domestic cats (48%). Overall, 53%, 25%, 10.7%, 10.7% cats were seropositive at screening dilution of 1:16, 1:64, I : 128 and 1:256, respectively. The highest prevalence (71%) was detected in cat in the 7 year or above age group. Neither of the positive rates was found to be different between male (56.5%) and female (55.5%). The sero-positivity percentage of toxoplasmosis was highest in local breeds of the cats (64%) followed by Himalayan and Persian (50%) and Siamese breed of cat (46%). Furthermore the domestic cats, which had wandering habits, had higher seropositivity (62%) than the cats, which had not these habits (41%). The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was high in the cats receiving raw meat (66%) however the prevalence in the cats receiving commercial cat food and kitchen prepared/left over human food was 40% and 44.4%, respectively.
Overall 39% dogs were sero-positive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. Stray dogs had the high prevalence (50%) than the domestic dogs (28%). Overall 46%, 28.2%, 15.3% and 10.2 % dogs were sero-positive at screening dilution of 1:16, 1:64, 1:128 and 1:256, respectively. The highest prevalence of toxoplasmosis (45.9%) was recorded in dogs of age group of >1-3 years. Neither of the positive rates was found to be different between male (35.4%) and female (35.4%). The sero-positivity percentage was highest in local breeds of dogs (50%) followed by German Shepherd (42%), Bulldog , Labrador Retriever and Russian (33%), English Pointer (30%), Alsatian, Bull Terrier and German Pointer (25%) and Greyhound (20%). Dogs having access to house as well as yard has the highest prevalence (40%) following the dogs having access only to yard (25%) and the dogs kept strictly at homes had the lowest prevalence (16%). Dogs fed raw meat had a relatively high prevalence of toxoplasmosis (40%) than the dogs fed commercial dog food and home cooked food had prevalence of 18.7% and 2 1.4%, respectively. Overall 22% human were sero-positive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. The highest seropositivity was observed in cat owners (3 2%) followed by dog owners (26%), UVAS, employees (20%) and the lowest sero-positivity (14%) was observed in people having no contact with dogs and cats. Overall 63.6%, 27.2%, 3.0% and 6.0% human were seropositive at screening dilution of
1: 16, 1:64, 1: 128 and 1:256, respectively. The highest prevalence of toxoplasmosis (26%) was observed in people of 30-40 years or above age group. Neither of the positive rates was found to be different between male (21.9%) and female
(22.2%).
There was decrease in haemoglobin level of cats, dogs and human positive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. There was significant decrease in total leukocytic count of cats, dogs and human positive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. Nutroplielia, lymphocytopenia, cosinopenia and monocytopenia was observed in cats, dogs and human positive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0920,T] (1).
17.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Helminthases In Parrots At Lahore Zoo.
by Ashgar Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof. Dr. Haji | Prof. Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the incidence of helminthiasis in all breeds of parrots and to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two different broad spectrum anthelmintics, albendazole (Farbenda, Farvet) and levamisole (Nilverm drench, ICI) used against the nematodes at Lahore Zoo. For this purpose, 130 Faecal samples were collected group wise in clean polythene bags, properly labeled for identification and examined for the identification of helminths. Eighty eight out of 130 were positive for single or mixed infection of Heterakis gallinae and Ascardia gaul have individual percentage as 73.86% and 26.14% respectively.
Of 88 positive birds belonging to different breeds of parrots, 72 of the same age, weight and number were devided in three equal groups (24 each) i.e. A (love birds peach face breed), B (budgerigar ring necked breed), and C (Alexandrine parrots, Blossom headed parakeet and Blue fronted amazon breeds), while in group D (Cockatiel, Blue ring necked parakeet, Eclectus parrot and African grey parrot breeds), only uninfected and untreated birds were kept.
Drug therapy was only induced to the group A i.e. albendazole (Farbenda, Farvet) @ 0.lml/kg body weight and group B (levemisole hcl (Nilverm, ICI) @ 5m1/litre of water, while infected but non treated birds were placed in group C.
Faccal samples of experimental birds were examined for counting of egg/gram of faeces on day"O" (pre-medication) with McMaster egg counting technique (Soulsby, 1982).
Faecal egg counts were again carried out on day 3, 7 and 10 of medication and percentage reduction of EPG calculated. The overall prevalence of gastro intestinal helminthes in different breeds of parrots was found as 67.69%.
Albendazole was found to be the more effective (96.33%) among the two anthelmintics while levamisole was less effective (84.90%). The EPG rise up to 8.98% at day 10 post medication in untreated group C was noted while no infection was observed in group D through out the experimental study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0962,T] (1).
18.
A Study On Surveillance Of Various Diseases/Problems Of Commercial Broiler Farming In Azad Kashmir
by Shaista Fazil | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. S. Naeem Jafary | Miss Sameera | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The main objective of present work was to investigate the prevalence of various diseases and target the managemental factors affecting the prevalence of various diseases in broiler farming in Azad Kashmir. For this purpose, the project was divided into three portions.
In the first portion, a data regarding the prevalence of various diseases in broiler farms was collected from 1990-2000. Maximum mortality was due to infectious bursal disease which caused mortality percentage of 15.4. Other important diseases observed were coccidiosis (12.9%), Omphalitis (8.8%), Colibacillosis (8.2%). In the second portion of the project, one year retrospective study was done. This study was conducted from December, 1999 to December 2001. During this period, twenty broiler farms were visited. These birds had housed birds from 1000 to 5000.
The information was collected from farmers, attendants and daily mortality register present at the farms. The influence of season on the prevalence of disease was also observed. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data from each farm that related to mortality rates, vaccination, susceptible age, managemental fault. Highest mortality was due to viral diseases. Infectious bursal disease was the great problem with morality percentage of 29.2 followed by Hydropericardium syndrome having mortality percentage of 20.3 and omphalitis with mortality percentage of 19.
Influence of season on the disease was observed by dividing a calendar year into two portions i.e. summer and winter and mortality due to various diseases into two seasons was compared. Early chick mortality, Gumboro disease, Newcastle disease and respiratory diseases were observed to have high incidence in winter than summer while Hydropericardium, colibacillosis and coccidiosis were common in summer than winter.
In the third portion of the project, a three months duration study period was decided from June to March, 2001. During this period, twenty broiler farms were visited and study on the prevalence of various diseases, disease mortality rates and managemental factors responsible for various diseases was done. During this period overall mortality was 15.4% due to various diseases. Important diseases causing mortality were Gumboro (25.9%), Hydropericardium (19.3%), Colibacillosis (14.5%) and Omphalitis (14%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1115,T] (1).
19.
A Study Of Parasitic Causes Of Diarrhea In Cattle Calves In District Gujranwala
by Muhammad Salman | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The loss of fluids through diarrhea can- cause severe dehydration which is one cause of death on diarrhea sufferers. In present study cattle calves up to six months of age in district Gujranwala were examined for parasitic infestation. The samples were collected from different Government farms, veterinary hospitals and from villagers having livestock. A total number of 300 cattle calves were examined during the period of three months. The effect of parasitic diarrhea according to the factors like sex and age were studied, the percentage of parasitic diarrhea in cattle calves were also studied. Collected samples were processed at medicine laboratory of university of veterinary and animal sciences Lahore.
Fecal samples were processed for different coporological tests, including direct smear, floatation, sedimentation, McMaster and for cryptosporidial examination, staining of fecal smears were used. Blood parameters like Hemoglobin level, TLC & DLC was also be studied. The faecal samples result showed that 147 samples were positive from parasitic diarrhea out of 300 samples and percentage was 49 % including cryptosporidium, cooperia, oesophagostomum, fashiodorous, toxocara, coccidian & eurytrema. The samples were collected age wise as 0-1 months, 42 samples were positive out of 90 samples showing 46.6%, in 1-3 months 47 samples were positive out of 95 samples showing 49.47 %, 1n3- 6 months 58 samples were positive out of 115 showing 50.43 %.while the blood parameters Hb level, TLC & DLC were altered in parasitic diarrhea which showed milk decrease in TLC & DLC as compared to normal values while Hb level was also decreased in parasitic diarrhea.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1193,T] (1).
20.
Comparative Study Of Primary And Secondary Bloat In Buffaloes
by Sajjad Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Zia-ur-Rehman | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Bloat (tympany) is the abnormal distension of rumen and reticulum caused by excessive
gases of fermentation, either in the form of persistent foam mixed with rumen contents
or as free gas separated from the ingesta.
The experimental study on bloat was conducted at outreach clinic of university of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore and adjacent areas. There were 500 buffaloes, out of these cases 86 were diagnosed to be suffered from bloat (60 were suffering from primary bloat, 2o were suffered from secondary bloat as shown in the table No 5 and table No 6). Six animals were expired from primary bloat as shown in the table No 10. They were expire without any treatment. Thus the disease percentage recorded was 17.4
A systemic clinical examination of each animal was conducted. The age, breed, sex and general heath of the animal was also recorded. Complete history of each affected animal was recorded. Diagnostic confirmation between primary bloat and secondary bloat was done through stomach tube. Primary bloat was easily recognizable and there were no other diseases of reticulorumen that result in ruminal tympany. Secondary bloat was differentiated from causes of failure of eructation including esophageal obstruction,chromic reticuloperitonitis, vagal indigestion, tetanus, injury and rumen impaction.
Treatment trials were carried out on the basis of grouping of animals. The buffaloes which are under attack of bloat were classified into two main groups i.e. group A and group B, which were further divided into four sub groups, which were A1, A2, B1 and B2.Animals suffered from primary bloat were kept into Group A1 and A2. While the animals suffering from secondary bloat were kept into Group B1 and Group B2. Treatment trials for Group A1 and Group B1 were same, while for Group A2 and Group B2 were same. The efficacy of drug was evaluated on reversal of clinical signs. The bloat affected buffaloes recovered with in 2 to 3 hours after the administration of medicine. No Side effects of these drugs, if any, was recorded the animals was examined for 24 hours after medication.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1194,T] (1).
21.
Comparative Efficacy Of Intravesical Mucosal And Extravesical Apposition Techniques For Ureteroneocystostomy in Dogs
by Muhammad Talha Sajjad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Aneela | Dr. Shahan Azeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This project was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two different techniques of Ureteroneocystostomy for ureteral reimplantation in dogs. Sixteen stray dogs were selected and were divided into two groups i.e. group A & B, comprising eight animals each. The efficacy of the procedures was evaluated on the basis of physical examination, serum evaluation for creatinine & urea, contrast radiography and post mortem findings.
The surgery was conducted through ventral midline celiotomy from umbilicus to a variable distance caudally under general anesthesia in both the groups and urinary bladder was exteriorized in both the groups. In group A, longitudinal incision was made near the bladder dome, a mosquito hemostat was passed from the surface of the bladder through the bladder wall at an oblique angle then the ureter was brought to the level of the bladder mucosa incision. A 6-0 Polyglactin 910 (Vicyrl,Jhonsons & Jhonsons Pharma) suture with double needles was then placed at each apex of the spatulated ureter and the full-thickness of ureter anastomosed to the bladder mucosa in one layer with a continuous, nonlocking stitch. In group B, two small incisions were made at the outer part of the bladder wall until the mucosa was seen through the cuts. Then a submucosal tunnel was dissected between them and the graft's ureter was introduced. Once the ureteral end has been spatulated, a reabsorbable 4-0 suture thread with independent needles at each end was passed (each needle goes from the outer to the inner side of the ureteral wall. Afterward, both needles were advanced into the bladder by the creation of a mucosal incision at the distal hole; these two needles then transfixed the bladder wall
from inside about 2 cm distally. During knotting of the suture (outside the bladder) the distal ureter was pushed to the bladder wall that it anchored against the mucosa.
The results of this study clearly indicated that both techniques are equally effective for the reimplantation of the ureter to bladder but an extravesical ureteroneocystostomy (Modified Lich Gregoir) has an edge over in intravesical mucosal apposition technique (Modified Lead better-Politano) in terms of effectiveness , safety and minimum postoperative complications.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1210,T] (1).
22.
Comparative Efficacy Of Suturing Techniques And Suture Materials For End-To-End Anastomosis Of Small Intestine in Dogs
by Adeel Shahbaz | Prof Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Mr. Shahan Azeem | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The small intestine is a tube-like structure, which extends between the stomach and largeintestine. It starts at the pylorus and terminates at the cecocolic junction. Small intestine plays an important role in the absorption of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate ions. Any disease condition of jejunum like neoplasia or devitalization due to foreign body necessitates the resection of it. This project was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different suturing techniques and suture material applied during end-to-end anastomosis of small intestine. The study was designed on eighteen stray dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups i.e group A, B, and C comprising 6 animals each. Each group was further subdivided into the subgroups as, Al, A2, Bi, B2 and Cl, C2. The dogs of group A was numbered from 1-6, group B from 7-12, and group C from 13-18 for the identification purpose. The surgery was conducted through ventral midline celiotomy from umbilicus to a variable distance caudally under general anesthesia. In group A, Simple interrupted, group B modified Gambee and in group C interrupted Lembert suturing technique for end-to-end anastomosis of small intestine was used. In subgroup Al, B, C! chromic catgut and in subgroup A2, B2 an C3 polyglyconate suture materials was used.
In group Cl, operated dog No.2 died on day 16 post operatively. The versatility and comparison of the techniques were evaluated on the basis of health status including vomiting, diarrhea, and weight gain or weight loss, wound healing, radiographic assessment, decrease in lumen diameter, alignment of tissue plane and quality of wound healing of the anastomotic site in all three group A, B and C. The leakage was checked at 2, 4, 6 and 12 week post surgery using contrast radiographs. During the study period the dogs were housed in the kennels available at Surgery Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore.
The present project is clearly indicated that modified Gambee suturing technique was found to be more suitable and compatible anastomotic technique with excellent clinical superiority. It resulted in the batter wound healing, minimal lekage, minimal reduction in lumen diameter at the anastomotic site, excellent in its alignment of tissue plane, satisfactory clinical layer to layer healing , is simple to duplicate under field conditions and minimal abdominal complication.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1218,T] (1).
23.
Epidemiology, Serodiagnosis And Chemotherapy Of Anaplasmosis In Cattle
by Farhan Ahmad Atif | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof. Dr..Muhammad Arif Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Anaplasmosis is globally distributed tick-borne disease of livestock with great
economic importance in cattle industry. The current project was designed to estimate the
prevalence of anaplasmosis, ticks and risk factors associated with seroprevalence of
Anaplasma marginale among cattle in Sargodha, Khushab and Rawalpindi districts,
Punjab, Pakistan. Moreover, haematological changes in A. marginale infected cattle and
efficacy of chemosterilization regimens were evaluated using locally available drugs for
the elimination of adult naturally infected carrier cattle.
A total of 1050 blood, serum and tick specimens were collected from randomly
selected small holders (n=90) and private livestock farms (n= 12) using multistage cluster
random sampling technique. A total of 30 union councils, 34 cattle farms (30 small
holders and 4 livestock farms) and 350 cattle were selected as primary, secondary and
elementary sampling units from each district. Sampling unit was indigenous and
crossbred cattle of both the sexes.
Microscopic examination of the Giemsa stained blood mears revealed an overall
prevalence of blood parasites as 21.14%. Anaplasma marginale was the highe t prevalent
(5.81 %) haernoparasite of cattle followed in order by Theileria sp. (5.14%) and Babesia
bigemina (4.76%), respectively. Crossbred cattle were more susceptible to TBDs as
compared to the indigenous cattle. Highest prevalence of TBDs was recorded in summer.
The prevalence of tick-transmitted diseases was higher in small holders (31.3%) than
private livestock farms (17.5%). Chi square analysis indicated a significant association
(P<0.05) among indigenous and crossbred cattle to selected TBDs. Wherea. non-
significant association between different age groups, seasons, sex and farm sizes were
revealed.
The overall seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle using cELlSA was
31.05%. Seroprevalence was higher in crossbred cattle of more than 4 years of age and
there was a significant (P<O.OO I) association between different age groups and breed. The
seroprevalence was significantly (P<0.05) higher in summer season in Sargodha and
Khushab districts. Moreover, the seroprevalence was significantly higher in small holders
in all study districts.
The epidemiological data and relevant information regarding area, host and farm
management factors were collected on a questionnaire through interview from each dairy
farmer, attendant or manager from September, 2009 to August, 20 10. Multivariate
analysis of risk factors revealed that cattle of more than 4 year of age (OR=5.42), heavy
tick infested (OR =2.10), crossbred (OR = 1.59) cattle were significantly at higher risk for
seroprevalence to Anaplasma marginale. Presence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)
microplus (OR=3.70), use of ivermectin (OR=3.97), moderate interval of acaricide
frequency (OR= 16.50), stall feeding (OR=4.90) and use of unhygienic needles
(OR=24.00) were significantly associated with seroprevalence to Anaplasma marginale
in cattle (P<0.05). The Sargodha district was at higher risk (OR = 1.81) as compared to
Khushab and Rawalpindi.
The tick species identified from cattle were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum,
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguine us, Rhipicephalus
(Boophilus) annulatus and Haemaphysalis sp. The overall prevalence of tick infestation
among cattle was 54.76%. The highest prevalence (57.71%) of cattle tick infestation was tick infested sites in cattle followed by dewlap (92%), inner thighs (90%), neck & back (54%), tail (26%), ears (13%), around eyes (10%), flanks (4%) and legs (2%).
The haematological changes were studied at different levels of parasitaemia " 7%, >7-15% and> 15%) in Anaplasma marginale infected Sahiwal and crossbred cattle. There was a significant difference (P<O.OS) among total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular
haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at different levels of rickettsemia in both breeds. ignificant difference (P<O.OS) was noticed among RBCs, PCV and MCH blood parameters between Sahiwal and crossbred cattle.
A total of sixty Anaplasma marginale seropositive adult Sahiwal cattle were selected having their ages between 3-4 years ranging in weight from 246-341 kg. The animals were divided in four groups designated as OXY -group-I, E RO-group-II, IMC- group-III and control-group-IV, comprising IS animals each. The seropositive animals received oxytetracycline (22 mglkg IV once in a day for five days), enrofloxacin (S mglkg IV once in a day for five days) or imidocarb (S mglkg 1M twice, 7 days apart). Re ult of chemosterilization study indicated that oxytetracycline 13/1S (86.67%) and irnidocarb
dipropionate II/IS (73.33%) eliminated Anaplasma marginale infection in adult naturally infected carrier cattle on S6th day. The carrier clearance was confirmed by cELISA followed by subinoculation of blood in seronegative splenectomized calves.
It was concluded that TTBDs are widely distributed in Punjab, Pakistan. Host. management and area factors are involved with the seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle. Haemolytic anaemia is the major haematological finding of Anaplasma marginale in cattle. Oxytetracycline is more effective and safe In chemosterilization of persistent Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. There is a need for country wide epidemiological studies on ticks and TBDs using advanced serological
and molecular techniques. Moreover, the identification of the potential vector of anaplasmosis should be required for the effective prevention and control of anaplasmosis in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1368,T] (1).
24.
Epidemiology And Prophylaxis Of Babesiosis In Felidae
by Syed Saleem Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1425,T] (1).
25.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Schistosomiasis In Cattle
by Mudassar Nazar | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Syed Saleem Ahmad | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1433,T] (1).
26.
Comparative Study Of Different Suturing Techniques For Cystotomy Closure In Canines
by Imdadullah Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Ayesha Hassan | Pror. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: The cystotomy is an incision in to the wall of urinary bladder which is commonly indicated for the removal of urinary stones and for the excision of invading tumors. Cystotomy wound is closed by varieties of suturing patterns which commonly include simple appositional and inversion types of suturing patterns. Appositional patterns are used in single-layer while double-layer appositional pattern is also used. Inversion types of suturing patterns are commonly used in double layers. Single-layer appositional patterns are commonly used in small and young animals while double-layer inverting pattern is preferred to apply in large animals. Double-layer inversion pattern has been found to decrease the size of bladder lumen when the bladder wall is thick. Bladder mucosa in all cases is not penetrated because of the danger of the formation of bladder stones. In three-layer closure mucosa is sutured as a separate layer and is indicated commonly when there is bleeding. The present project is aimed to conduct a comparative study of appositional versus inversion type of suturing patterns and two-layer versus three-layer of bladder wall repair.
The study was conducted on 24 dogs divided into four groups comprising 6 dogs each. In 18 dogs experimental cystotomies were performed which were closed in following manners. Group-A: the cystotomy wound was closed in two-layer simple interrupted suturing pattern, group-B: cystotomy wound was closed in two layers by simple continuous and continuous lembert suturing pattern, group-C: the cystotomy wound was closed in three layers and group-D was the control group. These suturing techniques were evaluated for leakage with the help of contrast radiography, ultrasonography, renal function tests and physical signs. These techniques were also evaluated for their effect on residual urine volume with the help of ultrasound machine.
All the suturing techniques provided water tight closure when evaluated through radiography, ultrasonography, kidney function tests and physical examination. The two-layer inversion patterns and three-layer closure techniques were found to effect residual bladder volume but the effect of three-layer closure technique was more pronounced. No crystals/stones were observed on postmortem examination of the urinary bladder in each operated dog. A well demarcated stricture was noted in dogs whose bladders were sutured in three layers. It was thus concluded form the research that appositional patterns do not affect the residual bladder volume, the catgut can be penetrated through the mucosa without endangering for cystolithiasis and the two-layer appositional suturing pattern is as effective as three-layer closure of cystotomy wound for the control of hemorrhage from the bladder mucosa.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1445,T] (1).
27.
Study On Different Closure Techniques Of Nephrotomy In Dogs
by Muhammad Imran | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Ayesha Safdar Chaudary.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Kidney is a vital organ of body. It plays an important role in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and regulation of blood pressure. Kidney performs these functions in coordination of various endocrine functions; these include renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide. There are different problems of the kidney like calculi lodged in the renal pelvis and neoplasia of the kidney in which nephrotomy is indicated. The project was designed to find out the most suitable technique of closing nephrotomy incision. For this purpose three groups A, B and C of dogs were arranged containing eight animals in each group. In group A after performing nephrotomy, 2/0 absorbable suture was placed through the cortex in horizontal mattress fashion and renal capsule was closed with 4/0 absorbable suture in a simple continuous fashion while in group B nephrotomy incision was apposed by applying gentle digital pressure for five minute and incision in the renal capsule was closed with 3/0 synthetic absorble suture. Whereas, in group C cut edges was apposed through tissue adhesive glue (cyanoacrylate). Physical evaluation, Urine examination i.e urine colour, Complete blood count, blood urea Nitrogen, serum creatinine and excretory urography at different intervals was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these three techniques.
The present project clearly indicated that suturless nephrotomy closure technique was found to be more suitable and compatible technique with excellent clinical superiority in terms of good weight gain, better hemostais, minimal post operative complication and maintaining kidney function.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1447,T] (1).
28.
A Study On Different Placements (Onlay, Inlay & Sublay) Of Prolene Mesh For The Repair Of Incisional Hernia
by Aftab Hussain | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Ayesha Safdar Chaudary.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1448,T] (1).
29.
Comparative Evaluation Of Conventional Method And Staple Suture Technique For Intestinal Aanastomosis In Dogs
by Hafiz Kashif Shahzad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Aneela | Dr. Shehla Gul Bokhari.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Intestinal resection and anastomosis is frequently essential during abdominal surgeries. Indications for intestinal resection are malignancy, inflammation, stricture formation, injuries and ischemia. Several surgical situations necessitate the resection of intestinal segments and the formation of consistent anastomoses. Conventionally, a large diversity of suture materials has been used to make hand-sewn anastomoses. Surgical stapler was made for the first time at the beginning of 20th century but its use remained limited in gastrointestinal surgery. Currently, stapled anastomoses is an essential part of the majority of the gastrointestinal surgeries. The simple-interrupted, single-layer, approximating technique, in which absorbable monofilament suture material is used, is presently believed to be the technique of choice for end-to-end bowel anastomosis. This procedure is mostly used in gastrointestinal surgeries with comparatively lesser complications. Intestinal anastomosis with skin staples was started by military surgeons for the soldiers suffering from bowel trauma caused by gunfire. In this technique, stainless steel skin staples were used to create a seromuscular intestinal anastomoses. There are several types of staplers available in markets, e.g. circular ligators, clip appliers, endoscopic staplers etc. The circular stapler is a disposable anastomotic instrument that places a round, double staggered row of titanium staples connecting intervening tissues. It can generate an end-to-end, end-to-side, or side-to-side anastomosis. This round stapler is available with a variety of staple line diameters to be used according to need. In current years, there has been a large shift from hand-sewn method towards the use of intestinal stapler in gastrointestinal surgery. They present a possible reduction in operational timing and are easy to learn and use than for hand-sewn method. So, staplers are very popular in the trainee. This research project was tested on 12 mongrel dogs divided randomly into two different groups (A and B). Each group comprised of 6 dogs. Conventional hand-sewn method of end-to-end anastomosis was applied on group A and stapled anastomosis was made in the dogs of group B. Two surgical techniques were applied for end to end anastomosis of jejunum. In group-A conventional hand-sewn anastomosis technique was applied. In this method a piece of jejunum was removed and then anatomosed with simple interrupted, single-layer, approximating technique. The absorbable, monofilament suture material was applied manually. This is currently considered the method of choice for end-to-end intestinal anastomosis in small animal surgery. This technique is well described and has been used throughout the canine gastrointestinal tract with a relatively low complication rate. In group-B a circular mechanical stapler was used to construct anastomosis. In this method a piece of jejunum was removed and end-to-end anatomosis was made using a mechanical stapler. Comparison of both techniques was made on the basis of clinical parameters (temperature, pulse, respiration, vomiting, diarrhea and blood in feces), radiographic evaluation, exploratory laparotomy, change in lumen diameter and duration of surgical procedure. There is a significant difference in change in diameter within each group before and after surgery but there is no significant difference in change in diameter or stenosis formation between these two groups. There is a significant difference in the duration of operation; stapled group significantly requires an average of 10 minutes less than conventional hand-sewn method. Conclusively it was inferred that there is no significant difference in change in diameter between stapled group and hand sewn group but the anastomosis construction time is shorter in stapled group. Stapled anastomosis is safe and faster technique than hand-sewn method. The prevalence of low complication rate makes it all the more ideal for application in routine practices.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1533,T] (1).
30.
Therapeutic Trials Of Trypanosomiasis In Equines Of Gujranwala And Sialkot District.
by Syed Manuchahar Ali | Dr. Muhammad IJaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammd Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis is an infectious malady of equines characterized by weight loss, anemia, progressive paresis, enlarged lymph nodes, petechiae of serous membranes, conjunctivitis, edema of the legs and lower part of the body, urticaria, and alopecia. Considering the significance and utilization of equines in our country and the substantial losses rendered by trypanosomiasis, the present study was designed to study prevalence and chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis in equines of Gujranwala and Sialkot districts.
For this purpose, 300 equines (horses=100; mules=100; donkeys=100) were examined for Trypanosoma infection. The blood was collected by ear-tip puncture and from Jugular venipuncture. Then thin blood smear slide was prepared and dried up in air and stained with Geimsa's staining method and examined under microscope. T. evansi was identified by their morphological characteristics as described by Smyth, (1996). Overall prevalence of T. evansi in equines was estimated as 13%. Individually there were 16%, 13% and 12% prevalence of T. evansi found in horses, mules and donkeys respectively.
The effect of trypanosomiasis on various blood parameters (Hb, ESR, TEC, TLC, DLC, and PCV) was determined in 30 equines (horses=10; mules=10; donkeys=10). The remarkable decrease in Hb, TEC, PCV, and lymphocytes were observed. The value of ESR increased, while there were no remarkable changes in TLC, monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
For chemotherapy, 36 equines (horses=12; mules=12; donkeys=12) positive for trypanosomiasis, were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups, comprising of 4 animals in each subgroup. The animals of group A (horses=4; mules=4; donkeys=4) were treated with diaminazine aceturate (Fatrybanil®, Fatro, Pakistan) @ 3.5 mg/kg BW I/M, and the efficacy of drug was found 83.3% in equines against trypanosomiasis. The group B (horses=4; mules=4; donkeys=4) was treated with isometamedium chloride (Trypamidium Sumarin®, Merial, Pakistan) @ 0.25 mg/kg BW I/M alone, and was observed 91.6% effective. While the group C (horses=4; mules=4; donkeys=4) was treated with Auk (Calotropis procera) @ 0.3mg/kg BW, 8 doses at alternate days (local treatment), which was found 41.6% effective. The efficacy of drugs was measured on the basis of disappearance of clinical signs and recovery rate of the animals, and blood smear examination at day 2, 4, 6 and 10 of post-medication.
Finally, the data on prevalence of trypanosomiasis was estimated by Pearson's chi-square test for significance whereas data on haematology was analyzed by Student's T-test using statistical software package STATA 9.1 (College Station T×77845, USA), P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Considering the significance and utilization of equine in our country and the substantial losses rendered by trypanosomiasis, the present project was designed to check prevalence and chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis in equines of Gujranwala and Sialkot districts. The results of this study will help farmers and veterinary practitioners in field.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1579,T] (1).
31.
Prevalence And Therapeutic Studies On Diabetes Mellitus In Cats In & Around Lahore
by Asma Rashid | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Dr. Shehla Gul.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1592,T] (1).
32.
Identification Of Ticks And Tick-Borne Hemo-Parasitic Diseases Along With Therapeutic Trial Of Tick Infestation
by Sadaqat Ali | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1601,T] (1).
33.
Comparative Efficacy Of Finney Pyloroplasty And Jaboulay Pyloroplasty As Method Of Treatment For Pyloric
by Mumtaz Ali Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shehla Gul Bukhari.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1608,T] (1).
34.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Anaplasmosis In Clinically Affected Small Ruminants Of Distric Lahore.
by Akhtar Ali | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1610,T] (1).
35.
Srudy Of Mycotoxicosis In Cattle And Buffalo In District Sheikhupura, Punjab.
by Salman Arshad | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Ms. Sehrish.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1618,T] (1).
36.
Identification Of Ticks And Tick Bornehemoparasitic Diseases In Equines Of District Lahore.
by Khadija Javed | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1651,T] (1).
37.
Sero-Prevalence And Zoonotic Potential Of Toxoplasma Godnii In Camels In Cholistan Desert Area Of Bahawalpur.
by Hafiz Zia-ur-Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is demonstrated in domestic livestock, wild life, other animals and humans. Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of the disease, the current study was conducted to find out the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis in camels and human population in Cholistan desert area of Bahawalpur and to determine the possibility of transmission of toxoplasmosis from camels to their owners.
Serum samples from camels (n=226) and humans (n=113 camel owners and n=113 people having no contact with camels) were collected and analyzed by using Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in camels and humans.
Overall 9.73% camels were seropositive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. In the month of April camels had the high prevalence of 11.5% (9 out of 78). . The highest prevalence (12%) was determined in the camels having age of 11 years or above. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was high in the third trimester of pregnancy (27.2%). Although, the difference in prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly different (P<0.05) at pregnancy of she camel. Overall 27 (12%) humans were seropositive for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. The highest prevalence of toxoplasmosis (15.25%) was detected in the people in 30-40 years or above age group. The highest sero-positivity was observed in camel owners (15.92%) and the lowest sero-positivity (7.96%) was observed in the people having no contact with camels. However, the difference in prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly different (P<0.05) at the contact of humans with the camels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1695,T] (1).
38.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different Therapeutic Agents Against Pre In Goats
by Zunaira Akhter | Dr.Aneela Zameer Durrani | prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwer Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1703,T] (1).
39.
Comparative Efficacy Of Limited Contactdynamic Compression Plate (Lc-Dc) And Dynamic Compression Plate
by Farah Ijaz | Dr. Shehla Gul Bukhari | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1753,T] (1).
40.
Assessing The Efficacy Of Aqueous Garlic Extract Against Cyanide Toxicity In Mice Using Righting Reflex Recovery
by Sajid Ali | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The KCN intake has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) syndromes and thyroid in animals as well as humans. It is very potent toxin even at very narrow dose ranges. Prolonged KCN exposure has also been associated with reduced growth rate in animals, disturbance in thyroid metabolism, lesions in liver, kidneys, lungs and also CNS pathology.
Male mice weighting about 20-40 grams were purchased from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Animal house, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore and divided into 30 treatment groups. After acclimatization of mice, carefully, the mice were grouped as follows:
Control group
A group of 6 mice were treated with potassium cyanide (KCN) intra-peritoneally at 5.5mg/kg that induced a knock down state with recovery period of approximately 1 hour. Prior to each experiment, three or more mice were treated with KCN at this dose to verify that the recovery time was close to 1 hour.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 250 mg/kg: Group 1 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given AGE intraperitoneally (i.p) at 250 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of AGE injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 250 mg/kg: Group 2 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with AGE at 250 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 500 mg/kg: Group 3 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given AGE intraperitoneally (i.p) at 500 mg/kg BW. After 5 minutes of AGE injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 500 mg/kg: Group 4 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with AGE at 500 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 750 mg/kg: Group 5 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was treated with AGE intraperitoneally (i.p) at 750 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of AGE injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 750 mg/kg: Group 6 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with AGE at 750 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 250 mg/kg: Group 7 (30-min post-KCN)
One more group of 6 mice was given AGE at 250 mg/kg orally. After 30 minutes of AGE administration, an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting refelx recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 500 mg/kg: Group 8 (30-min post-KCN)
A group 6 mice was given AGE at 500 mg/kg orally. After 30 minutes of AGE administration, an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) at 750 mg/kg: Group 9 (30-min post-KCN)
One more group of 6 mice was given AGE at 750 mg/kg orally. After 30 minutes of AGE administration, an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Garlic Extract Group: (Group 10-15)
Three groups 10 - 12 each with 6 mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with AGE at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg respectively and righting reflex recovery time of each mouse in respective dose group was noted to observe any effects of AGE on righting reflex recovery time. Three groups 13 - 15 each with 6 mice were treated with AGE orally at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg respectively and righting reflex recovery time of each mouse in respective dose group was noted to observe any effects of AGE on righting reflex recovery time.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Nitrite (SN): Group 16 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given SN at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p). After 5 minutes of SN injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Nitrite (SN): Group 17 (5-min post-KCN)
Another group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with SN at 20 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 18 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given ST at 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p). After 5 minutes of ST injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 19 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with ST at 600 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Nitrite (SN) & Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 20 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given SN and ST at 20 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) respectively. After 5 minutes SN and ST injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Sodium Nitrite (SN) & Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 21 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with SN and ST at 20 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg i.p. respectively and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) & Sodium Nitrite (SN): Group 22 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given AGE at 750 mg/kg and SN at 20mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p). After 5 minutes of AGE and ST injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) & Sodium Nitrite (SN): Group 23 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse was treated with AGE at 750 mg/kg and SN at 20 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) & Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 24 (5-min pre-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was given AGE at 750 mg/kg and ST at 600mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p). After 5 minutes of AGE and ST injection, an i.p. injection of KCN at 5.5 mg/kg was given and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Potassium Cyanide (KCN) + Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) & Sodium Thiosulphate (ST): Group 25 (5-min post-KCN)
A group of 6 mice was administered with KCN intraperitoneally (i.p) at 5.5 mg/kg. After 5 minutes of KCN injection, each mouse will be treated with AGE at 750 mg/kg and ST at 600 mg/kg i.p. and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Sodium Nitrite (SN) alone (Group 26)
6 mice in this group were treated with SN at 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) and any effects on righting reflex recovery time were noted.
Sodium Thiosulphate (ST) alone (Group 27)
A group of 6 mice in group 27 were treated with ST at 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) and any effects on righting reflex recovery time were noted.
Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) + Sodium Nitrite (SN) (Group 28)
The mice in group 28 were treated with AGE + SN at 750 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) respectively and righting reflex recovery time was noted.
Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) + Sodium Thiosulphate (ST) (Group 29)
A group of 6 mice in this group were treated with AGE at 750 mg/kg and ST at 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
Sodium Nitrite (SN) + Sodium Thiosulphate (ST) (Group 30)
A group of 6 mice in group 30 were treated with SN and ST at 20 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) respectively and righting reflex recovery time was recorded.
The efficacy of the antidote estimated was based upon the reduction in righting reflex recovery time.
The righting reflex recovery time that was close to 1 hour was determined against KCN regimen. AGE was tested as potential antidote against sub-lethal KCN toxicity at dose regimens 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg intraperitoneally as well as orally at dose regimens 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after KCN administration. SN and ST were tested at 20, and 600 mg/kg respectively as antidotes against sub-lethal KCN toxicity, 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after KCN administration. These were also tested in comparison and a dose with minimum recovery time was noted. A comparison was made between the efficacy of AGE and SN or ST or SN + ST as potential antidote against sub-lethal KCN toxicity. After 48 hours 3 mice from each group was sacrificed for postmortem examination.
For this purpose the righting reflex recovery time and survival data was collected for each mouse challenged with KCN. A group of 3 mice was tested with each increasing dose of KCN to create dose response curves for both righting reflex recovery times and percent survival. Increasing doses of KCN increased the recovery time of the righting reflex. The dose 5.5 mg/kg of KCN showed the righting reflex recocery time mean 64.66 ± .333 min and was selected for trials.
AGE (750 mg/kg) showed the most significant results as compared to ST and SN alone as well as in combination. Second most effective drug was ST as it showed better results than SN. Treatment results were more pronounced in 5 min pre-KCN groups as compared to 5 min post-KCN groups.
From this study it was concluded that the aqueous AGE is an effective antidote against sub-lethal KCN toxicity as the recovery times indicated that its effects are more pronounced than SN and ST, secondly, as it is easily available and very much cheaper in Pakistan and due to easy unavailability of SN and ST, it is effective antidote that could be used in the field against sub-lethal KCN toxicity with comparatively better results both orally and intraperitoneally.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1776,T] (1).
41.
Clinico Bacteriological Investigation Of Mastitis Dairy Goats
by Muhammad Rizwan | Prof Dr Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr Muhammad Ijaz | Dr Sehrish | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1862,T] (1).
42.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Enterotoxigenic E. Coli In Diarrheic Lambs And Kids Of Lahore
by Kashif hussain | Dr. muhammad Ijaz | Prof.Dr. muhammad sarwar khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1869,T] (1).
43.
Infection Rate And Chemotherapy Of Coccidiosis In Equines
by Munifa Zehra | Prof Dr Muhammad Sawar Khan | Dr Muhammad Ijaz | Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1876,T] (1).
44.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Prevalence and Chemotherapy of Balantidium Coli in Sheep And Goats in And Around Lahore
by Mustafa jamil | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1885,T] (1).
45.
Comparative Efficacy Of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Levamisole And Combination Of Levamisole Oxyclozanide
by Muhammad Ali Raza | Dr.Syed saleem ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad sarwar khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1889,T] (1).
46.
Comparative Efficacy Of Staples Tissue Adhesive (Glue) And Conventional Suture For The Apposition Of Linear Skin Incision
by Faramarz roshani | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif khan | Dr | Dr. Ayesha safdar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1894,T] (1).
47.
Studies On Risk Factors Pathophysiology And Teeatment Of Udder Edema In Dairy Goats
by Muhammad Atif | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr | Dr. Jawaria ali khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1895,T] (1).
48.
Clinico-Biochemical Study On Xylazine Ketamine And Isoflurane Anesthesia In Rabbits Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy
by Muhammad Kashif maan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shehla gul bokhari.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1902,T] (1).
49.
A Study Onthe Correlation Of Serum Electrolytes And Teace Elements In Diarrheic Small Ruminants
by Sobia Mumtaz | Dr. Jawaria Ali khan | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr.Ishtiaq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1904,T] (1).
50.
Therapeutic Trials Against Salmonella Enterica Prevailing In Diarrheic Lambs And Kids
by Muhammad Kashif iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1918,T] (1).
